The Northern Bald Ibis makes a historic return to Europe

Once thought lost to Europe after being hunted to extinction in the 17th century, the northern bald ibis has reappeared on the continent, thanks to the determined efforts of scientists who have successfully restored and bred the species over the past two decades.

This striking bird, known for its black and iridescent green plumage, bald red head, and long, curved beak, had vanished from European skies, though small populations persisted in other regions. Historically, the northern bald ibis was widespread across North Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, and Europe, including Bavaria in Germany. In Germany, the bird is also known as the “waldrap.”

Despite successful breeding efforts, the reintroduced ibises lacked one critical skill: the knowledge of where to migrate. Unlike other migratory birds, these ibises had lost their natural instincts over centuries of absence from Europe. To solve this, a team of dedicated scientists, led by biologist Johannes Fritz, took on an extraordinary challenge—they became the birds’ migration guides.

“We have to teach them which way to migrate,” Fritz explained. The scientists carefully nurtured the young ibises, gaining their trust and preparing them to follow human-led migrations. When the time came, the team took to the skies in ultralight aircraft, showing the birds the correct migratory routes.

This groundbreaking approach has been crucial in the successful reintroduction of the northern bald ibis to Europe. By guiding these birds back to their ancestral paths, scientists have ensured that the species once again soars over European landscapes—a testament to the power of conservation and the dedication of those who refused to let this unique bird fade into extinction.