What did Ibrahim Traoré do since taking power?

Since seizing power in September 2022, Captain Ibrahim Traoré has redefined Burkina Faso’s political landscape. His actions span military campaigns, regional realignments, and economic reforms that continue to shape the nation. What exactly has Traoré done since becoming president?

Seizing power and promising sovereignty

Traoré rose to power in September 2022 after a coup that ousted interim leader Paul-Henri Damiba. At just 34, he became the world’s youngest head of state, promising to restore security and defend Burkina Faso’s sovereignty. His message resonated with citizens disillusioned by years of insecurity and foreign dependency. Questions about his religion and identity soon became part of global searches, but domestically he emphasized action over symbolism.

Military campaigns against insurgency

Traoré prioritized the fight against jihadist groups affiliated with al-Qaeda (JNIM) and the Islamic State (ISGS). Under his leadership, the army launched large-scale operations with support from Mali and Niger, forming the Alliance of Sahel States (AES). This bloc replaced reliance on Western military assistance with regional solidarity, though insurgent attacks remain frequent in 2025, as we examined in our crisis explainer.

Critics note that while coordination with neighboring militaries has improved, Burkina Faso still struggles with limited resources and capacity. Civilian casualties and displacement remain high despite offensives, leaving the country’s humanitarian picture bleak, as described in our report on how Burkina Faso is doing now.

Withdrawal from ECOWAS

One of Traoré’s most consequential decisions was Burkina Faso’s January 2025 withdrawal from the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), alongside Mali and Niger. The three governments cited sovereignty and security concerns, arguing that ECOWAS sanctions undermined their stability. This bold move restructured West African politics, a shift we analyzed while reviewing the US relationship with Burkina Faso.

Pivot toward Russia and BRICS partners

Traoré has tilted Burkina Faso’s foreign policy toward Russia and other emerging partners. Russian advisors and trainers are now visible in the country, while economic rhetoric increasingly echoes BRICS debates about alternative currency systems. This reflects the same trend outlined in our BRICS oil currency deal report, which explored how West Africa’s leaders seek to challenge dollar dominance.

Nationalizing resources

Gold, Burkina Faso’s most important export, has been central to Traoré’s policy. He has pushed for tighter state control over mining contracts, echoing similar moves in Mali and Niger. Advocates view this as an attempt to prevent resource flight and boost revenues; critics warn it risks deterring foreign investment without proper governance.

Domestic reforms and public image

Domestically, Traoré cultivates an image as a leader of the people. His speeches emphasize sovereignty, African unity, and defiance of foreign exploitation. He remains popular among youth, who see him as a generational symbol. However, human rights groups caution that dissent and independent media face tighter restrictions. Promises of development remain difficult to fulfill under constant insecurity, highlighting the deeper challenges laid out in our analysis of the country’s social fabric.

Conclusion

Since taking power, Ibrahim Traoré has reshaped Burkina Faso’s direction. His record includes bold geopolitical moves, the withdrawal from ECOWAS, closer ties with Russia and BRICS, and efforts to control resources. Yet the central challenge—ending insurgency and displacement—remains unresolved. Whether his policies deliver stability or deepen isolation will define both his legacy and Burkina Faso’s future.

Frequently asked questions about Ibrahim Traoré’s actions