After Finland successfully joined NATO as a response to Russia’s aggression in Ukraine, both Sweden and Finland applied for membership in the Western defense alliance. However, Sweden faced opposition from Turkey, which, along with Hungary, vetoed its application. Nevertheless, a recent development has changed the course, as Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan dropped his opposition, opening the door for Sweden to accede to NATO. With this shift, what are the expectations and advantages for both sides?
Geographically, what does NATO gain from Sweden’s membership?
If Sweden becomes a NATO member, the entire Baltic coastline, except for the Russian coast and Kaliningrad, would fall under NATO’s territory. This strategic expansion would enhance the defense capabilities of the Baltic states in the face of potential Russian aggression. With Sweden’s inclusion, the transportation of troops and equipment via ship to Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania would become more efficient. Additionally, the island of Gotland holds significant geographical importance.
Professor Simon Koschut of Zeppelin University emphasizes the strategic value of Gotland, stating, “This large island in the middle of the Baltic Sea is an extremely favorable strategic base for Sweden. From there, you can control virtually the whole of the Baltic Sea.” Sweden’s strategic location becomes a compelling factor for NATO’s interest in its membership.
What about Sweden’s military capabilities?
While Sweden may be a small country, its armed forces and military equipment would contribute significantly to NATO, as DW wrote. Despite its smaller size in numerical terms, Sweden possesses a highly modern military. Notably, its air force consists of domestically manufactured advanced aircraft. Sweden’s expertise in naval warfare, including its submarine capabilities, adds further value. Moreover, Sweden has already participated in NATO missions, such as its involvement in Afghanistan.
Sweden currently allocates approximately 1.3% of its gross domestic product to defense expenditure. This percentage has increased significantly in recent years and is projected to rise further in the coming years.
What are the primary benefits of NATO membership for Sweden?
Sweden and NATO already enjoy close collaboration in various areas. However, NATO membership would bring a crucial change for Sweden, as outlined in Article 5 of the alliance’s treaty. This article states that an armed attack against one or more NATO members is considered an attack against all members, requiring collective defense. This guarantee of protection is a pivotal aspect for Sweden.
Furthermore, membership would grant Sweden equal rights within the NATO Council, the alliance’s primary decision-making body, including the power of veto. Turkey’s previous exercise of veto power prevented Sweden’s accession, but that obstacle has now been overcome.
As Sweden advances towards NATO membership, the expectations on both sides revolve around enhanced defense capabilities, strengthened cooperation, and the assurance of collective security. While challenges and negotiations lie ahead, Sweden’s potential entry into NATO represents a significant development in regional security dynamics and cooperation among Western nations.
